I didn't know I could keep these forever

Mums, or chrysanthemums, are the quintessential fall flower, adding vibrant colors to gardens and patios as summer blooms fade. Known for their wide variety of colors and shapes, they are a popular choice for autumn decor. However, many people treat mums as annuals, discarding them after a single season. With a little effort, you can enjoy these beauties year after year.

Chrysanthemums are perennials, which means they can live for more than two years if properly cared for. Fall mums, in particular, can return each year, adding consistent beauty to your garden. However, their longevity depends on appropriate care before, during, and after their bloom period.

When selecting mums, choose hardy varieties known for their ability to withstand colder climates. Garden mums, as opposed to florist mums, are bred for outdoor conditions and are more likely to survive the winter. Look for healthy plants with robust, green foliage and no signs of disease.

The key to long-lasting mums starts with correct planting. It's best to plant them in the spring so they have time to establish deep roots before winter. Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil. If planting in the fall, do it as early as possible to give roots time to develop before the first frost.

Proper watering is crucial. Mums prefer consistently moist soil but avoid waterlogged conditions which can cause root rot. Mulching around the base helps retain moisture. Fertilize with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring and mid-summer to promote healthy growth and ample blooms.

As cold weather approaches, take steps to protect your mums. Apply a thick layer of mulch after the first hard frost to insulate the roots. In extremely cold climates, consider covering the plants with burlap or a frost blanket to shield them from harsh winds and freezing temperatures.

Pruning mums encourages fuller plants and more blooms. Pinch back the stems in early summer when they reach about six inches tall. Stop pinching around mid-July to allow buds to form. Deadheading, or removing spent flowers, extends the blooming period by preventing seed formation and encourages new growth.

Mums can be susceptible to pests like aphids, spider mites, and diseases such as powdery mildew and rust. Monitor plants regularly and take action at the first sign of trouble. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for pests and ensure good air circulation to minimize fungal issues. Avoid overhead watering to reduce the risk of disease.

To help your mums survive winter, prepare them for the dormant period. Stop fertilizing in late summer and reduce watering as temperatures drop. In addition to mulching, consider setting up a windbreak if your mums are in an exposed location. Some gardeners even dig up their mums and store them in a cool, dark place over winter, replanting them in spring.

Propagating mums is a cost-effective way to increase your stock. This can be done through division or taking cuttings. In spring, dig up established plants and divide the root clumps, replanting the sections immediately. Alternatively, take shoot cuttings in the summer, rooting them in a well-draining medium and keeping the soil moist until new growth appears.

One common mistake is planting mums too late in the fall when the roots don't have enough time to establish before winter. Overwatering and poor drainage can lead to root rot, while under-watering causes stress. Avoid using high-nitrogen fertilizer late in the season as it promotes new growth susceptible to frost damage.

With a bit of knowledge and care, fall mums can be a recurring star in your garden. By choosing the right varieties, planting them properly, and protecting them through winter, you ensure these vibrant flowers will return to brighten your garden each fall. Embrace these tips, and you'll enjoy the enduring beauty of mums for many seasons to come.